Regulation & safety

Clone firm

Also calledfirm clone · clone investment scam

A clone firm is an unauthorized scam operation that impersonates a real authorized financial firm by copying its name, registration number, address, website design, documents, or staff details. The genuine firm’s authorization does not extend to the impersonator or protect money sent to it.

Evidence passport

What this page checked.

Sources
2
Record updated
August 18, 2026

Clone firm — definition, practical meaning, example, and common interpretation risk checked against the linked reference material

Definition checked

  • Definition and plain-English explanation for “Clone firm”
  • The worked example and the distinction described in the watch-out note
  • Reference material: Financial Conduct Authority — FCA warning on clone firm investment scams, Financial Conduct Authority — Example clone-firm warning

Use the term correctly

  • Read the connected terms when a definition depends on another market concept
  • Check the broker’s contract specification when applying the term to a particular product
  • Treat examples as explanations of mechanics, not as prices, forecasts, or trading advice

Method. Editorial desk review of the definition, example, related concepts, and 2 linked sources. Calculations are checked directly where the entry contains arithmetic

Research scope and limits +
  • This glossary entry explains terminology and does not test a broker, trading account, platform, or live market condition
  • Contract wording and practical treatment can differ across brokers, venues, jurisdictions, and products
Page change log +
  1. Added named authorship, a definition evidence record, application checks, and a concise scope disclosure

What Clone firm means

Clone-firm fraud works because the victim can find the real company on a regulator’s register and assume the contact is genuine. Fraudsters may copy a firm reference number and use a similar domain, email address, phone number, or brand logo. Verification must compare every contact detail with the regulator’s official register, not with details supplied in a message or advertisement.

Sending money to a clone firm can mean dealing with an unauthorized criminal rather than the regulated company shown on a register. Regulatory complaint routes, client-money safeguards, and compensation arrangements may therefore be unavailable. A cloned identity can look professional, so visual similarity and a correct registration number are not enough to establish authenticity.

An investor receives an offer from “Northshore Capital Markets” quoting the registration number of a genuine authorized company. The email links to northshore-capitalmarkets.example, while the regulator’s register lists a different domain and telephone number. Calling the number on the register—not the email—reveals that the legitimate firm did not make the offer.

Common questions

Can a clone firm use a real broker licence number?+

Yes. A clone may copy a real firm’s licence or registration number to appear credible. Confirm the matching website, telephone number, address, and legal entity through the regulator’s official register before transferring money or documents.

Does an authorized firm have to reimburse a victim of a clone?+

Not automatically. The impersonated firm may have no connection to the fraud. Whether any recovery route exists depends on the facts, payment method, jurisdiction, and applicable compensation or fraud-reporting arrangements.

Go to the original material.

01Financial Conduct Authority — FCA warning on clone firm investment scams02Financial Conduct Authority — Example clone-firm warning