Crypto

Liquidity pool

Also calledpool

A liquidity pool is a smart-contract-controlled reserve of two or more tokens that traders can swap against or that other protocols can use for pricing and liquidity. In automated market maker systems, the pool’s balances and formula determine quotes instead of a traditional order book.

What Liquidity pool means

Instead of matching buyers and sellers directly, a DeFi protocol can hold tokens in a pool. Traders swap against the pool, and the pool’s pricing rule updates as balances change. Liquidity providers supply the tokens and usually earn a share of trading fees, but they also face market and smart-contract risk.

Liquidity pools are the core market structure behind many decentralized exchanges and some bridge designs. They affect price impact, slippage, fee income, and how easily a token can be traded. For users, the main questions are pool depth, asset composition, and whether the pool’s pricing model fits the trade.

A simplified pool might hold 50 ETH and 100,000 USDC. If a trader buys ETH from the pool, the ETH balance falls and the USDC balance rises, changing the implied price for the next trade. Real pools can use different formulas and fee settings, so this example is only illustrative.

Common questions

Who owns the assets in a liquidity pool?+

The assets are controlled by the pool’s smart contract, according to its code and governance rules, not by a central operator in the ordinary sense.

Can liquidity pools hold any tokens?+

Only tokens supported by the protocol and pool design. Some pools use two assets, while others support multiple assets or specialized configurations.

Go to the original material.

01Uniswap v2 Whitepaper02Ethereum.org — Glossary: liquidity pool03Ethereum.org — Bridges