FXForex basics

Reserve currency

A reserve currency is a fully convertible currency that is widely held by monetary authorities and widely used in international transactions, finance, and reserves.

What Reserve currency means

Central banks and other official institutions hold reserve currencies because they are liquid, widely accepted, and easy to use in international payments and portfolio management. The U.S. dollar is the most prominent example, but reserve status can also apply to other currencies when they are widely used and trusted.

Reserve currency status affects funding markets, invoicing, reserve management, and the role a currency plays in global finance. It can also support deep markets and lower transaction costs, while creating broader international demand for the currency.

A central bank may hold U.S. dollars and euros in its reserves so it can meet external obligations, intervene in FX markets, or manage exchange-rate policy. Simplified example.

Common questions

Is a reserve currency the same as a local currency used in one country?+

No. It is a currency used beyond its home economy, especially by official holders and in cross-border finance.

Can more than one currency be a reserve currency?+

Yes. Reserve use is a matter of degree, and several currencies can be held and used internationally.

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01International Monetary Fund glossary02Federal Reserve Board, U.S. dollar reserve currency remarks